Vibration analysis and identification of breathing cracks in beams subjected to single or multiple moving mass using online sequential extreme learning machine

In this paper, a novel approach was presented to vibration analysis and identification of breathing cracks in Timoshenko beam under single or multiple moving mass. Dynamic strain energies (DSEs) and translational accelerations in beam structures under moving mass were used as forward problem and application of an emergent learning algorithm called the online sequential extreme learning machine algorithm as inverse problem to predict crack depths and locations. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed vibration analysis over existing ones, two validation studies have been done. To evaluate the proposed method to identify breathing cracks, two examples, namely, clamped–clamped beam and two span continuous beams have been studied. Also, the effect of the discrepancy in stiffness between the finite-element model and the actual tested dynamic system has been investigated. Another examination has been performed in which moving mass with different speeds are utilized. Also, the effect of multi mass passing through the beam has been studied. The obtained results indicated that the proposed method could identify the breathing cracks existence and severity in the beam under moving mass using DSE and accelerations, which may be noisy or noise free.     

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷陆相页岩油地质特征与聚集机理

综合利用岩心、测井、烃源岩热解、铸体薄片、场发射扫描电镜、激光共聚焦显微镜与高压压汞等分析测试的结果，对准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组陆相页岩油地质特征与聚集机理进行了研究。结果表明：吉木萨尔凹陷咸化湖盆型沉积地层富含有机质，是烃源岩层也是储层，页岩油藏具有“源储一体”的地质特征，存在粉砂岩类与泥岩类和白云岩类与泥岩类两类岩性组合类型。芦草沟组大面积整体含油、“甜点”富集且原油成熟度较低。页岩油赋存岩石的润湿性为亲油性，生烃增压是页岩油运聚的主要动力。微纳米孔喉、层理缝与构造裂缝形成页岩油的有利储集空间与渗流通道。页岩油整体为源内或近源聚集，并以游离态和吸附态赋存于芦草沟组“甜点”段与泥页岩层段中。     

CO2注入井封隔器早期密封失效机制研究

为了揭示CO_2注入井中性能优良的氢化丁腈橡胶封隔器早期密封失效的机制,根据失效井的特征分析以及CO_2的相态特点,提出实现恒定泄压速度的室内实验方法,并对不同CO_2泄压速度下橡胶表面进行形貌观测和力学性能测试分析。结果表明:随着泄压速度的增加,橡胶表面出现了小气泡、大气泡甚至气泡破裂等龟裂现象,橡胶的密封性能均明显变差;注气井突然泄压时,橡胶内部的气体在短时间内无法渗出,其在内外压差作用下会膨胀形成气泡甚至爆裂,这是造成CO_2注入井封隔器早期密封失效的主要原因。为了防止封隔器的早期密封失效,推荐现场井口泄压速度控制在5 MPa/h以内。     

Research on slag-resistance of ZrN-SiAlON-SiC-C composite refractory in different atmospheres

The ZrN-SiAlON composite powder was synthesized using low-grade zircon and bauxite by carbothermal reduction nitridation at first and then ZrN-SiAlON-SiC-C composite refractory were fabricated with the ZrN-SiAlON powder, SiC particles, and a small amount of Si powder as raw materials and sucrose as the binder. The slag resistance of these composites in O₂, N₂ and Ar atmosphere was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersion spectra. The results show that the pores in the inside of ZrN-SiAlON-SiC-C composite refractory were enlarged in oxygen atmosphere due to oxidation, which leads to the decrease in slag resistance. In argon atmosphere, blast furnace slag destroyed the sintered body of zircon, corundum, and cristobalite with the formation of CaZrO₃, then infiltrated into and filled the pores inside the refractory to form a dense layer, which hindered the further erosion of the blast furnace slag. In the reducing atmosphere, the interfacial energy of the gas-liquid phases became larger due to the reactions between blast furnace slag liquid and the gas, resulting in a larger wetting angle which prevented the erosion.     

冠状动脉系统的微分积分终端滑模混沌抑制

冠状动脉系统的混沌现象会导致严重的健康问题。以非线性冠状动脉系统为研究对象，建立了不确定性冠状动脉系统动力学模型，提出了不确定性冠状动脉系统的微分积分终端滑模混沌抑制方法，针对该模型的不确定性设计了扰动观测器，根据Lyapunov理论证明了所设计控制系统的稳定性，通过仿真实验验证了所提出的混沌抑制方法的有效性和可行性。     

在轨维修后端模块接口机构的研究

在轨维修可以大大的延长空间科学仪器的使用寿命,节省大量的经济成本。为了实现空间望远镜后端模块的在轨操作和更换,设计了一套与之对应的接口机构,能够解决在轨快速定位与安装。根据321运动学定位准则,详细介绍了该接口机构的内部组成和工作原理;然后把该接口机构与后端模块进行组件级有限元仿真,仿真结果表明一阶模态远高于整机基频可以有效地避免发射时候的共振;设计了一套平面内的工装来模拟后端模块,利用等效质量法对整个机构进行重力卸载;搭建实验平台,利用激光跟踪仪来测量整个后端模块的重复定位安装精度,实验数据表明,X,Y,Z 3个方向的重复平移定位误差分别为±5.58μm,±3.24μm及±3.63μm,优于总体指标±10μm;热实验结果表明整个机构可以完全释放由于温度变化产生的形变,具有很高的热稳定性;使入射光线和靶面的相对位置持续稳定,保证了较高的成像质量。为其他空间在轨维护装置提供强有力的参考价值。     

Ultrafine porous boron nitride nanofiber-toughened WC composites

Porous fibers are widely used in catalysis chemistry and hydrogen storage but are rarely used in structural ceramics. In this study, spark plasma sintering was used to prepare an ultrafine porous boron nitride nanofiber-toughened WC composite for the first time. The obtained WC-0.05 wt% ultrafine porous boron nitride nanofiber composites exhibited better properties (ie, a 2.3% increase in hardness and a 19.6% increase in fracture toughness) compared to those of the pure WC specimen. The fiber porosity improved the second phase-WC matrix microstructural combination. The described approach is a novel preparation method for the WC composites. Furthermore, a new toughening mechanism, which is based on “pinning and stretching”, was determined. These findings suggest that porous boron nitride fibers can be considered to be second phases for toughening the WC composites.     

单自由度八杆仿生机构构型与尺度同步设计方法

单自由度八杆仿生机构杆长参数较多，是仿生机器人领域研究的难点之一。为提高设计效率，提出一种构型与尺度同步设计方法。在选定的运动链和机架的基础上，以不等式形式分步给出运动可行性及外形约束条件，使得上一步的杆长可作为下一步求解的已知值。通过该过程，在得到八杆仿生机构构型的同时，快速得到所有杆长的初步可行域。循环上述过程，逐步缩小约束条件的范围，可使得八杆机构的杆长快速接近目标值。在此基础上，分类讨论了连杆搭接顺序、约束条件及基本运动链的差异对求解难度及构型结果的影响。利用所提出的单自由度八杆仿生机构的设计方法，在对初始条件进行合理选取的前提下，可在初步得到构型的同时将杆长限定在较小范围内，实现了构型与尺度的同步设计。该方法还可应用于其他单自由度机构的设计当中，具有较好的借鉴意义。     

基于FAHP的机械振动WSN均衡拓扑构建方法

针对机械振动无线传感器网络因拓扑不均衡导致传输时延和网络传输能耗增加的问题,提出了一种基于模糊层次分析(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process,简称FAHP)的均衡拓扑构建方法,该方法由构建模糊判断矩阵和计算权重向量组成。首先,传感器节点进行簇内通信获取信标广播信息,将信标节点网络决策因子统一量纲化,利用网络决策因子构建模糊判断矩阵;其次,检验模糊判断矩阵一致性,采用行和归一化处理或拉格朗日最小二乘法计算权重向量;最后,传感器节点通过权重向量计算出各个信标节点综合权值,关联最优信标节点为父节点加入网络,将提出的模糊层次分析拓扑构建方法与基于链路质量单准则构建网络拓扑机制进行对比。实验结果表明,该方法能有效改善传输时延和机械振动无线传感器节点网络寿命。